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The Internet Archive is a San Francisco-based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Internet Archive Frequently Asked Questions )〕 It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including web sites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books. As of May 2014, its collection topped 15 petabytes.〔Brown, A. (2006). ''Archiving websites: A practical guide for information management professionals''. London: Facet Publishing. p. 9.〕 In addition to its archiving function, the Archive is an activist organization, advocating for a free and open Internet. The Internet Archive allows the public to upload and download digital material to its data cluster, but the bulk of its data is collected automatically by its web crawlers, which work to preserve as much of the public web as possible. Its web archive, The Wayback Machine, contains over 150 billion web captures.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://archive.org/projects/ )〕〔Grotke, A. (December 2011). ("Web Archiving at the Library of Congress" ). ''Computers In Libraries'', v.31 n.10, p. 15-19. Information Today.〕 The Archive also oversees one of the world's largest book digitization projects. Founded by Brewster Kahle in 1996, the Archive is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit operating in the United States. It has an annual budget of $10 million, derived from a variety of sources: revenue from its Web crawling services, various partnerships, grants, donations, and the Kahle-Austin Foundation. Its headquarters are in San Francisco, California, where about 30 of its 200 employees work. Most of its staff work in its book-scanning centers. The Archive has data centers in three Californian cities, San Francisco, Redwood City, and Richmond. Its collection is mirrored for stability and endurance at both the Bibliotheca Alexandrina〔("Donation to the new Library of Alexandria in Egypt" ); Alexandria, Egypt; April 20, 2002. (Bibliotheca Alexandrina ). Internet Archive.〕 in Egypt and at another facility in Amsterdam. The Archive is a member of the International Internet Preservation Consortium〔 International Internet Preservation Consortium. Netpreserve.org〕 and was officially designated as a library by the State of California in 2007.〔("Internet Archive officially a library" ), May 2, 2007. Internet Archive〕 ==History== Brewster Kahle founded the Archive in 1996 at the same time that he began the for-profit web crawling company Alexa Internet. In 1996, The Internet Archive had begun to archive and preserve the World Wide Web. The archived content wasn't available until 2001, when it developed the Wayback Machine. In late 1999, the Archive expanded its collections beyond the Web archive, beginning with the Prelinger Archives. Now the Internet Archive includes texts, audio, moving images, and software. It hosts a number of other projects: the NASA Images Archive, the contract crawling service Archive-It, and the wiki-editable library catalog and book information site Open Library. Soon after that, the Archive began working to provide specialized services relating to the information access needs of the print-disabled; publicly accessible books were made available in a protected Digital Accessible Information System (DAISY) format.〔("Daisy Books for the Print Disabled" ), February 25, 2013. Internet Archive.〕 According to its web site: In August 2012, the Archive announced〔Kahle, Brewster (August 7, 2012). ("Over 1,000,000 Torrents of Downloadable Books, Music, and Movies" ). ''Internet Archive Blogs''.〕 that it has added BitTorrent to its file download options for over 1.3 million existing files, and all newly uploaded files.〔("Hot List for bt1.us.archive.org (Updated August 7 2012, 7:31 pm PDT)" ). ''US Cluster''. Internet Archive.〕 This method is the fastest means of downloading media from the Archive, as files are served from two Archive data centers, in addition to other torrent clients which have downloaded and continue to serve the files.〔〔("Welcome to Archive torrents" ). Internet Archive.〕 On November 6, 2013, the Internet Archive's headquarters in San Francisco's Richmond District caught fire, destroying equipment and damaging some nearby apartments. According to the Archive, it lost:〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Fire Update: Lost Many Cameras, 20 Boxes. No One Hurt )〕 *a side-building housing one of 30 of its scanning centers *cameras, lights, and scanning equipment worth hundreds of thousands of dollars *"maybe 20 boxes of books and film, some irreplaceable, most already digitized, and some replaceable" The nonprofit Archive sought donations to cover the estimated $600,000 in damage. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Internet Archive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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